中考英语知识点梳理最新

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中考英语知识点梳理最新

中考英语知识点梳理

动词不定式

动词不定式可以作以上各种成分,但它毕竟是动词,所以有动词的属性。

动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语,虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语,但它表达的意义是动作,这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为 逻辑主语,其形式如下:

(1)语态

如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如:

It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主语是被动语态to be invited是被邀请)

It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主语)

I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作宾语)

Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定语)

He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作状语)

在There be结构中,修饰主语的不定式可用被动,也可用主动。如:There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同,如:There is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)

(2)时态

1) 现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。

He seems to know this.

I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。

2) 完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。

I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.

He seems to have caught a cold.

3) 进行时:表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。

He seems to be eating something.

4) 完成进行时:

She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.

一般在情绪后加to do to do 也表将来

编辑本段疑问词+不定式结构疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表 语等。如:

①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. (不定式在句子中做主语)

②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. (不定式在句子中做宾语)

③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. (不定式在句子中做直接宾语)

④The question was where to get the medicine needed. (不定式在句子中表语)

以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分,均可转换为相应的从句形式。如:①When we shall leave…③…how I

could learn…

经常在这种结构中使用的动词有:consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。

编辑本段语法功能一、作主语

动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:

(1)把不定式置于句首。如:

To get there by bike will take us half an hour.

(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如:

①It+be+名词+to do

It's our duty to take good care of the old.

②It takes sb+some time+to do

How long did it take you to finish the work?

③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do

It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an h

It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says.

④It seems(appears)+形容词+to do

It seemed impossible to save money.

在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等;在句型④中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式 ,如:It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English.

(3)举例

(1) It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了

easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;

the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough

It's so nice to hear your voice.

听到你的声音真高兴。

It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.

当你不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。

(2) It's very kind of him to help us. 他帮助我们,他真好。

Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)

例句:

It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢,竟然相信了他。

It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。

注意:(1) 其他系动词如,look,appear等也可用于此句型

(2) 不定式作为句子成分时,动词用单数形式。

(3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is… to…的句型

(对)To see is to believe. 眼见为实。

(错)It is to believe to see.

初中英语知识点

副词

作状语,作定语,作表语,作宾补

1.副词的排列顺序

1)时间,地点副词,小单位在前,大单位在后

2)方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用and或but等连词连接。

3)多个不同副词排列:程度+地点+方式+时间副词

注意:副词very可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词

副词enough要放在形容词或副词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。

2副词比较等级

其变化规则与形容词比较等级变化规则相同。 但副词的最高级前一般不加定冠词the.

3辨析:

1)how long, how soon, how ofen, how far

how long: “多久,多长时间”,对一个持续的时间段提问,常对“for+时间段”和“since+时间点”进行提问。

how soon: “多快,多久以后”,对一个短暂性动作提问,用于一般将来时的句子中,常对“in+时间段”进行提问。

how often: “多长时间一次”,对频率提问,常对“once,twice,three times a week”等提问。 how far: “多远”,对距离提问。

2)hard和hardly

hard “努力地,辛苦地,剧烈地,猛烈地”,是程度副词。 hardly :“几乎不”,是否定副词。

3)much too 和too much

初中英语语法

some和any的用法

some 的用法

some 一些,某些,某个。可代替名词和形容词。常用于肯定句。在句子中用作主语、宾语、定语。作定语时,它可以修饰单数可数名词和复数可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。

1. 用于肯定句

Ask some boys to help you.(修饰复数可数名词)

叫些男孩来帮助你。

Please bring some coffee.(修饰不可数名词)

请拿些咖啡来。

Ask some girl to come here.(修饰单数可数名词)

叫(某)个女孩来这儿。

2. some 用于疑问句时表示“请求、邀请或希望得到肯定的回答”。

Would you like some coffee?(表示请求、邀请)

请喝咖啡。

Have you some stamps?(希望得到肯定的回答)

你有邮票吧?

any 的用法

any 一些,任何。可代替名词和形容词。常用于否定句或疑问句,也可以用于条件状语从句。作定语时,它可以修饰复数形式的可数名词和不可数名词。

1. 用于疑问句或否定句

Are there any cows in the fields?(修饰复数形式的可数名词)

田里有一些牛吗?

There won't be any trouble.(修饰不可数名词)

没有任何麻烦。

2. 用于条件状语从句

If there is any trouble, let me know.

如果有什么麻烦,要让我知道。

3. any 用于肯定句时,通常要重读,修饰单数可数名词和不可数名词。

Any time you want me, just send for me.

什么时候你需要我,随时叫我来。

Come any day you like.

只要你喜欢,随时可以来。


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