中考初中英语语法知识点汇总

许多英语学习者在实践中积累了丰富的经验，探讨了很多有效的方法。小偏整理了中考初中英语语法知识点汇总，感谢您的每一次阅读。

中考初中英语语法知识点汇总

There be 的句子结构

There be是一个“存在”句型，表示“有”的意思。

肯定句的形式为：There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。

be动词单复数的确定，看be后边第一个名词，当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时，be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时，be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时，be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为“某地有某人或某物”。如：

There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。

There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。

1)there be的否定句，即在be的后面加上not。

否定形式为：There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。

There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。

There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。

2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首：Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语

肯定回答：Yes, there is / are. 否定回答：No, there isn't / aren't.

-Is there a dog in the picture?画上有一只狗吗

-Yes, there is. 有。

-Are there any boats in the river?河里有船吗

-No, there aren't. 没有。

3)特殊疑问句：How many . . . are there (+地点状语)

某地有多少人或物回答用There be . . .

There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .

有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .

-How many students are there in the classroom?教室里有多少学生

-There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。

4)如果名词是不可数名词，用：How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语

How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水?

定语从句的考察

一、定语从句的功用和结构

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday

二、关系代词和关系副词的功用

关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。

1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：

I don’t like people who talk much but do little.

The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.

2. 作宾语：She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.

The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.

3. 作定语：关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：

What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?

The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.

4. 作状语： I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

三、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：

The person who broke the window must pay for it.

The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：

Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?

Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.

3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：

The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.

I know the boy whose father is a professor.

4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.

Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.

5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：

I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.

Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?

6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.

He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.

7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

This is the house where we lived last year.

The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.

四、关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：

That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room

which we had lived in for ten years.

五、 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：

1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况：

(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如：

All that he said is true.

(2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如：

He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.

(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：

He was the second (person) that told me the secret.

(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。

This is the best book (that) I have read this year.

(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：

He talked about the people and the things he remembered.

2. 只能用which，不用that 的情况：

(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如：

The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.

(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：

The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.

考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。

阅读学习法

阅读是语言输入的重要途径，阅读能力历来受到重视。许多英语学习者在实践中积累了丰富的经验，探讨了很多有效的方法。主要有：

1.克服不良习惯

在阅读前，首先要作好心理准备，集中精力，全身心的投入到阅读活动中。阅读过程中要努力克服阅读时转动头部、指词、逐词阅读、回视、唇读、喉读、心读等不良习惯，要尽可能地眼脑直映，扩大视距，掌握快速阅读技巧。

2.猜测法

对阅读中出现的新词，要主动、大胆的根据上下文、构词法知识和常识猜测词义。对那些不影响全篇大意的新词，少查字典;对那些频频出现的新词，而应多查词典。而且，查字典的时间应该是在阅读完后，而不是在阅读中，否则思路被打断，会影响阅读的速度和效果。

3.略读法

运用略读(skim)、扫读(glance)方法，理解掌握文章大意。略读就是快速浏览文章的标题、文章的首尾段、每段的首尾句、关键词和图表等，把握文章的主旨。初阅读时一般宜采用略读法，略读不需要掌握具体内容，此法最适合处理与文章主旨有关的文章。

4.跳读法

跳读与略读不同，它不要求了解中心内容，只需了解某一特定的内容。通过跳读，仔细阅读相关部分，了解其内容，理解其深层含义。要获取一些信息时可以采用跳读法，回答与文章具体内容相关的问题时，运用这种方法最好。在文章中找到与题目相关的部分，就很容易找到正确答案。

5.积累好词好句

阅读主要是训练阅读技巧，同时也是学习新语言点的好机会，对于经常出现的有用单词或句型，可以划线或者记笔记，积累语言知识。

6.关注关联词

要学会利用词汇的衔接手段(语义重复、替代等)猜测生词的意思，还要学会利用关联词分析时间、空间、因果关系及作者的态度等。