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中考初中英语语法知识点汇总

2020-07-31 17:01:04
|小黄

许多英语学习者在实践中积累了丰富的经验,探讨了很多有效的方法。小偏整理了中考初中英语语法知识点汇总,感谢您的每一次阅读。

中考初中英语语法知识点汇总

There be 的句子结构

There be是一个“存在”句型,表示“有”的意思。

肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。

be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为“某地有某人或某物”。如:

There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。

There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。

1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。

否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。

There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。

There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。

2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语

肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't.

-Is there a dog in the picture?画上有一只狗吗

-Yes, there is. 有。

-Are there any boats in the river?河里有船吗

-No, there aren't. 没有。

3)特殊疑问句:How many . . . are there (+地点状语)

某地有多少人或物回答用There be . . .

There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .

有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .

-How many students are there in the classroom?教室里有多少学生

-There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。

4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语

How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水?

定语从句的考察

一、定语从句的功用和结构

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday

二、关系代词和关系副词的功用

关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。

1. 作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如:

I don’t like people who talk much but do little.

The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.

2. 作宾语:She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.

The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.

3. 作定语:关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如:

What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?

The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.

4. 作状语: I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

三、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如:

The person who broke the window must pay for it.

The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

2. whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如:

Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?

Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.

3. whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如:

The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.

I know the boy whose father is a professor.

4. which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如:

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.

Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.

5. that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:

I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.

Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?

6. when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:

I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.

He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.

7. where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如:

This is the house where we lived last year.

The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.

四、关系代词 whom, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:

That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room

which we had lived in for ten years.

五、 具体使用时还要注意下列问题:

1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况:

(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如:

All that he said is true.

(2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如:

He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.

(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如:

He was the second (person) that told me the secret.

(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。

This is the best book (that) I have read this year.

(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如:

He talked about the people and the things he remembered.

2. 只能用which,不用that 的情况:

(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如:

The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.

(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。例如:

The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.

考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。

阅读学习法

阅读是语言输入的重要途径,阅读能力历来受到重视。许多英语学习者在实践中积累了丰富的经验,探讨了很多有效的方法。主要有:

1.克服不良习惯

在阅读前,首先要作好心理准备,集中精力,全身心的投入到阅读活动中。阅读过程中要努力克服阅读时转动头部、指词、逐词阅读、回视、唇读、喉读、心读等不良习惯,要尽可能地眼脑直映,扩大视距,掌握快速阅读技巧。

2.猜测法

对阅读中出现的新词,要主动、大胆的根据上下文、构词法知识和常识猜测词义。对那些不影响全篇大意的新词,少查字典;对那些频频出现的新词,而应多查词典。而且,查字典的时间应该是在阅读完后,而不是在阅读中,否则思路被打断,会影响阅读的速度和效果。

3.略读法

运用略读(skim)、扫读(glance)方法,理解掌握文章大意。略读就是快速浏览文章的标题、文章的首尾段、每段的首尾句、关键词和图表等,把握文章的主旨。初阅读时一般宜采用略读法,略读不需要掌握具体内容,此法最适合处理与文章主旨有关的文章。

4.跳读法

跳读与略读不同,它不要求了解中心内容,只需了解某一特定的内容。通过跳读,仔细阅读相关部分,了解其内容,理解其深层含义。要获取一些信息时可以采用跳读法,回答与文章具体内容相关的问题时,运用这种方法最好。在文章中找到与题目相关的部分,就很容易找到正确答案。

5.积累好词好句

阅读主要是训练阅读技巧,同时也是学习新语言点的好机会,对于经常出现的有用单词或句型,可以划线或者记笔记,积累语言知识。

6.关注关联词

要学会利用词汇的衔接手段(语义重复、替代等)猜测生词的意思,还要学会利用关联词分析时间、空间、因果关系及作者的态度等。

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