高三年级英语语法知识点
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高三年级英语语法知识点
1. 定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。
2. 构成：关联词+简单句
3. 引导主语从句的关联词有三类：
(1) 从属连词that。 如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.
很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。
(2) 从属连词whether。如：
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。
(3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
连接副词 where, when, how, why。如：
What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。
How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。
Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我的家。
解释：
1. 主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有：
A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如：
It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。
B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。如：
It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遗憾我们不能去。
It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我们没赢这场比赛真意外。
C. It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句。如：
It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.
据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。
D. It+seem, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如：
It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。
It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。
E. It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如：
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪里开会毫无区别。
F. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：
Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗?
Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗?
G. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：
How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪!
2.注意连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义
Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 来的人将受到欢迎。
Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that) 他所做的事情是正确的。
Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who) 你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖
高三年级英语语法知识点
under age 未成年，未达到规定年龄
He was rejected by the army because he was under age. 他因尚未成年而被拒绝参军。
You shouldn’t sell cigarettes to teenagers who are under age. 你不应该把香烟卖给没未成年的青少年。
under arrest 被捕
You are under arrest in the name of the law. 你被依法逮捕了。
He was soon put [placed] under arrest. 他不久就被逮捕了。
under attack遭受攻击
The company has come under fierce attack for its decision to close the factory. 因为决定要关闭工厂，公司受到猛烈攻击。
under consideration 在考虑中;在研究中
The question is now under consideration. 这个问题正在考虑中。
The plan is under consideration by the Ministry of Education. 教育部正在研究这个方案。
under construction 在建造中
The new railway is under construction. 新铁路正在修建当中。
The bridge is under construction. 这座桥正在建造中。
There are two new hotels near here under construction. 附近正在兴建两家新的旅馆。
under control 在控制中
They soon got the fire under control. 他们很快把火势控制住。
It took the teacher months to bring his class under control. 这个老师花了几个月的时间才管住了他的班级。
under copyright 享有版权
The poem is still under copyright, so you have to pay to quote it. 该诗仍然享有版权，因此你必须支付引用费。
under cover 在隐蔽处;秘密地;在信封或邮包中
Plans for the attack were made under cover. 进攻计划是秘密制定的。
The check came under cover in yesterday’s mail. 支票是装在信封里和昨天的信一道寄来的。
under discussion 在讨论中;在审议中
That has no relation to the matter under discussion. 那与正在讨论的事无关。
That’s another topic that will come under discussion. 那是另一个要讨论的问题。
under examination 在检查中;在审查中
The prisoner was still under examination. 囚犯仍受审。
The proposals are still under examination. 提案仍在审查中。
under fire 在炮火中;被攻击中
We were under fire from all sides. 我们遭到了来自四面八方的射击。
The headmaster was under fire for not sending the boys home who stole the car. 校长由于没有开除那几个偷汽车的学生，受到责难。
under guarantee 在保修期内
It’s still under guarantee, so the manufacturer will repair it. 保证书还有效，所以厂家会给修理的。
The car is still under guarantee, so you should be able to get it repaired free of charge. 汽车还在保修期内，所以你应该可以免费修理。
under oath 在法庭上宣过誓要说实话
The judge reminded the witness that he was still under oath. 那法官提醒证人他已宣誓不作伪证。
under obligation 有义务;一定要
The one who did the damage in under obligation to pay for it. 造成损失的人有义务赔偿。
【注】在现代英语中通常用under an [no] obligation的形式：
You’re under no obligation to pay for goods which you did not order. 没有订购的货物就无须付款。
She’s under an obligation to him because he lent her money. 因为他把钱错给她了，所以她有偿还他的义务。
