英语语法非谓语动词的语态例外情形

　　本文介绍过去分词语态的例外情况。

　　过去分词常表示“被动”，它的逻辑主语一般是它的承受者。但是，有两种情况需要注意：

　　1. 不及物动词的过去分词只表示“完成”，不表示“被动”，因为不及物动词没有承受者。

　　例如：

　　On her way home she found her necklace gone. 在回家的路上，她发现项链不见了。

　　necklace是go的执行者。用过去分词表示go这个动作已经完成。

　　再如：

　　The ground was covered by fallen leaves. 地上满是落叶。

　　fall与leaves之间不是被动关系。

　　2. “ed形式，主动含义”。

　　这是非谓语动词命题热点之一。这类过去分词可分为两组：

　　A组：

　　devoted to, dedicated to, committed to, applied to; engaged in, involved in, buried in, lost in, occupied in, employed in;

　　这组过去分词含义基本相同，都表示“专注于”某事。

　　B组：

　　determined(决心), concerned(关注), convinced(相信), seated(坐着), dressed(穿着), prepared(准备好了), lost(迷失了), stationed(驻扎在), located/situated(坐落于);faced with(面对), opposed to(反对),exposed to(接触)

　　这两组过去分词的考查方式：

　　a. She left her husband, _______ never to return. (作状语)

　　A. determined B. being determined

　　C. determining D. having determined

　　b. Those _______ to their work deserve to be respected. (作定语)

　　A. devoting B. being devoted

　　C. devoted D. having devoted

　　c. It's strongly recommended that you get your kids _______ to literature as early as possible. (补足语)

　　A. being exposed B. having been exposed

　　C. exposing D. exposed

　　以上三道题均选择过去分词表状态，答案分别为A, C, D。

　　上述两组过去分词之所以有“主动含义”，是因为，A组的全部、B组的大部都可以接反身代词作宾语，动作的执行者与承受者合二为一。所以，如果后面接反身代词(或其他承受者)，这些动词就要使用现在分词。

　　例如：

　　Those devoting themselves to their work deserve to be respected.

　　尝试一下，欢迎将答案以留言方式发送：

　　a. The spokesman took his seat, _______ to answer questions from the journalists.

　　A. preparing B. prepared

　　C. being prepared D. having prepared

　　b. ________ these problems, we were at a loss.

　　A. Faced B. Facing

　　C. Being faced D. Having been faced

　　c. ________ yourself to too much sunlight in summer, you might get a sunburn.

　　A. Exposed B. Being exposed

　　C. Exposing D. Having been exposed

本文为原创文章，版权归作者所有，未经授权不得转载！

---

作者：苏北(公众号 苏北教育)