5068教学资源网 > 儿童教育 > 幼儿英语 > 英语语法 >

英语语法必考之虚拟语气:非真实条件句

2017-12-29 14:11:26
|嘉馨

  非真实条件句常以if引导,表示一个完全“假定”的情况,这种“假定”只是说话人的一种不太可能实现的“愿望”,或与事实相反、或者不可能成为事实的情况。如:

  a. If I were ten years younger, I would seek a job in the legal profession. 年轻10岁,我就去做律师。(“年轻10岁”只是一个不可能实现的愿望)

  b. If the dinosaur hadn’t died out, what would the world today be like? 恐龙没有灭绝的话,今天的世界会是什么样子? (“恐龙没有灭绝”与实际情况相反)

  表示“虚拟”的从句与主句都需要使用特定的动词形式。具体见下表:

  表中的数字标注说明如下:

  1. be的过去式一律使用were

  2. would可根据需要替换为could, might, should

  3. had, were, should可置于句首,代替if从句。

  例如本文开头的例句可以改写为:

  a-1. Were I ten years younger, I might seek a job in the legal profession.

  b-1. Had the dinosaur not died out, what could the world today be like? (not位置不前移)

  虚拟条件句的考试难点主要在于所谓“错综条件”和“含蓄条件”两种情况。

  一、错综条件

  通常,按照上表所列,主句与从句的动词形式需要保持相互间的一致。但是,有时主句与从句所表达的时间不一致,这时,其动词形式要与各自所表达的时间一致。这种主句与从句动词形式不一致的情况称为“错综条件”,又称“分裂条件”。

  If the dinosaur hadn’t died out, what would the world today be like? 一句中,从句动词(hadn’t died out)表示“过去”,主句动词(would be like)表示“现在”,而不是使用表示“过去”的would have been like。

  再如:

  Were I not to have something important to attend to this afternoon, I would have joined you in the outing yesterday. 如果不是今天下午有重要的事情需要处理,我昨天就跟你们去郊游了。(从句动作发生在“将来”,主句动作发生在“过去”)

  二、含蓄条件,指不是以if从句表示的条件。这里分为两种情况。

  1. 以某些词语来表示条件。这些词语主要包括:without, but for, or (else),

  otherwise. 例如:

  But for your timely warning, I would have got into trouble. 若不是你及时提醒,我会陷入麻烦。

  = If you hadn’t warned me in time, I would have got into trouble.

  = You warned me in time, or I would have got into trouble. (or: if you hadn’t warned me in time)

  2. 以事实表示隐含的条件:

  I would have got into trouble, but you warned me in time. (but之后是一个事实,= if you hadn’t warned me in time.)

  3. 以常理表示隐含的条件,常常通过设定“人物”、“时间”、“地点”的方式,表示一个“人所共知”的常识。

  A. Anyone else in my place would have stood up against it. 任何人处于我的位置都会站出来表示反对。(设定“人物”,= If anyone else had been in my place, he /she would have stood up against it.)

  B. Many things are now recycled that would have been thrown away a decade ago. 许多十年前会被扔掉的东西如今被回收利用。(设定“时间”,= ... that would have been thrown away if it had been a decade ago.)

  C. This sort of thing wouldn’t happen in western culture. 这种事在西方文化背景下不会发生。(设定“地点”,= This sort of thing wouldn’t happen if it were in western culture.)

本文为原创文章,版权归作者所有,未经授权不得转载!


作者:苏北(公众号 苏北教育)

相关推荐

热门推荐

450205
|