高考英语完形填空答题技巧
编者按：在高考英语中，要做好完形填空，考生须具备扎实的基础知识以及快速阅读和理解的能力。下面小编给大家分享了有关完形填空的答题技巧，一起来看看吧!
利用数学思维，找出最"合适"的答案
完形填空里的许多题目，4个选项都符合语法规范，答案关键只在于哪个选项最“合适”，这也是完形填空的难度所在。
何谓最“合适”呢?
实际上，我们可以利用数学思维，根据数学里集合的概念，来将这种题目分为两类：
1. 子母集
2. 交集
下文为即将讲解的两道题目的原文，有时间的同学们可以先迅速浏览一遍，时间比较紧的同学可以跳过原文，直接看后面的讲解。
There Really Was a Santa Claus
Ann worked for a big company. One of the duties of her 41 was to go to the post office every day and 42 the company mail. One day in December, she 43 a beggar making himself up as a Santa Claus 44 on the corner of the street. Each day she 45 her coins and dropped them in his bowl. He would smile and 46 her a Merry Christmas.
At night the temperature dropped below 0℃, but the Santa Clause 47 stood in the cold wind. 48 she dropped her coins into his bowl, she handed him a pair of gloves.
A week later, a(n) 49 Santa Claus was standing there. “What happened to the other Santa Claus?” she asked. He told her, “He’s very 50 today.” She prayed for his health.
Later that day, a colleague came into her office 51 . “I don’t know what I’m going to do.” “What’s wrong?” she asked. “It’s my ex-husband,” her colleague 52 , “I don’t have any money to buy my boys anything for Christmas, 53 my ex-husband refuses to send money to them. It breaks my heart that they won’t have anything this year.” The lady 54 her colleague, “I’m sure everything will 55 . It’s Christmas. Believe in miracles(奇迹).”
That evening, she told her husband about her colleague’s 56 , “I know we don’t have much money to 57 , but I’d like to give her fifty or a hundred dollars. We’ll just get ourselves less thi s year. Last year we couldn’t afford to buy anything for 58 but we still had a wonderful Christmas.” He r husband smiled, “Give her one hundred dollars. She needs it more than we do.”
She reached up and held him. Warmth spread 59 her body. He held her and realized that there really was a Sa nta Claus – and he had 60 her!
41. A. family B. job C. life D. religion
42. A. receive B. go through C. answer D. pick up
43. A. spotted B. watched C. sensed D. followed
44. A. standing B. waiting C. playing D. performing
45. A. earned B. counted C. saved D. threw
46. A. send B. wish C. offer D. tell
47. A. even B. just C. still D. yet
48. A. Although B. If C. Since D. After
49. A. honest B. new C. considerate D. strong
50. A. sad B. poor C. cold D. sick
51. A. in tears B. in shock C. in horror D. in trouble
52. A. concluded B. decided C. continued D. commented
53. A. or B. but C. so D. otherwise
54. A. reminded B. amused C. teased D. comforted
55. A. work out B. come back C. run out D. open up
56. A. message B. suggestion C. situation D.example
57. A. lend B. help C. lose D. pay
58. A. ourselves B. themselves C. us D. others
59. A. off B. to C. among D. through
60. A. relaxed B. doubted C. married D. shaped
1.子母集
完形填空第一类难题 - “子母集”：多个答案之间各有羁绊，纠缠不清;其中，一些选项的单词，是其他选项单词的“母集”。(“母集”是笼统的，“子集”就是具体的;若建筑为“母集”，体育馆就是“子集”。)
在完形填空里，如果题目出现了证明“子集”的证据，就必定要选“子集”，需要具体时就不能笼统;反之，没有证据，就要选较为笼统的“母集”。
● 例：
One day in December, she 43 a beggar making himself up as a Santa Claus standing on the corner of the street.
A. spotted B. watched C. sensed D. followed
分析：本题中，有三个选项是相关的——它们分别是spot、watch 和 sense。三者关系如下图所示：
sense(感官体验)为最笼统的说法，范围最大;
视觉是 sense 的一种，而 watch 为视觉的“子集”，意为“观赏”;spot 并非 watch 的并列项，与 watch 并列的是 see;spot 的英文释义如下：
☞ (not used in the progressive tenses) to see or notice a person or thing, especially suddently or when it is not easy to do so.
结合本文情景，可知本题句意为：主人公走过街角，发现有人打扮成圣诞老人的模样。故选 A. spot 。
小结：
遇到“子母集”型题目时，首先要分辨几个选项之间的关系，然后结合英文释义及情景进行分析，就能拿下这种难题的分数。
2. 交集
完形填空第二类难题 - “交集”：筛选下来的两个选项好像都对，二者意思相关，其中交集部分为原文内容。
● 例：
Each day she 45 her coins and dropped them in his bowl. He would smile and wish her a Merry Christmas.
A. earned B. counted C. saved D. threw
分析：本题中，counted 及 saved 是两个有交集的选项，因为不论是哪个词，实际上都包含了“数数”的动作。
因此，多位同学反映：为什么不选 counted，这个选项也讲得通啊。但他们忽略了下文里出现的关键性短语 couldn't afford(第58题所在句子)：
Last year we couldn’t afford to buy anything for ourselves but we still had a wonderful Christmas.
也就是说，主人公上年过得也很拮据，今年也只是稍有好转;所以对于主人公来说，coins 也要 saved 才能帮助别人，故此题选 C. saved 。
小结：
遇到“交集”型题目时，先找两者关系，然后看各选项还有没有具体的证据来支撑。此类题型与“子母集”型题目的不同点在于：“交集”型题目的两个选项，只是有相交的部分。这类题目对英文解释储备的能力要求相对较低，强调的是考生的信息搜索能力。
作者| Cass 老师
公众号：问鼎英语
本文为原创文章，版权归作者所有，未经授权不得转载!
