英语否定句语法相关考点有哪些

编者按：英语学习的重难点之一便是英语语法，其中英语否定句的语法对于我们学生来说也不易掌握，那么我们如何掌握英语否定句的语法考点呢?

　　英语的“否定转移”

　　“我觉得他不会同意。” 这个汉语句子用英语表达为 "I don't think that he will agree." 而不是 " I think that he will not agree." 这就是所谓”否定转移“，就是，本应否定从句，但是根据英语的表达习惯，却将否定词转移到主句当中。

　　“否定转移”要同时符合以下三个条件，缺一不可：

　　1. 主句主语是第一人称;

　　2. 主句谓语动词是一般现在时;

　　3. 主句谓语动词是下列动词之一：think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, feel, find, 等。

　　否定转移相关的考题有以下两种情况：

　　1. 判断是否属于否定转移;

　　2. 否定转移时，反义疑问句的选择。

　　例如：

　　a. I warned you that there might be danger, _______?

　　A. was there B. wasn't there C. did I D. didn't I

　　本题与“否定转移”无关，反义问句部分应该与主句一致。这是反义问句的一般规则。故答案为D。

　　b. We don't suppose that they are able to fulfill the task alone, ______?

　　A. do we B. don't we C. are they D. aren't they

　　本题属于“否定转移”范畴，反义问句部分应该与从句一致。这是反义问句的特殊规则。故答案为C。

　　部分否定与全部否定

　　All those present at the meeting didn't agree. 这个英文句子翻译成汉语是“并非所有参会人员都赞成”。很容易错误地理解为：“所有参会人员都不赞成”。要表示“所有人都不赞成”这样的意思，英语发的表达是：None of those present at the meeting agreed.

　　这里涉及“全部否定”和“部分否定”问题。试题中常会出现而又容易搞错的主要是 all /every /both ... not ... (= not all /every /both ...)这几种部分否定的情况。全部否定的对应表达需要使用no, none, neither来表示。

　　例1

　　部分否定：Both her parents are not in favour of her marrying that guy. = Not both (of) her parents are in favour of her marrying that guy.

　　全部否定：Neither of her parents is / are in favour of her marrying that guy.

　　例2

　　部分否定：Every student has not / All students have not read the poem. = Not every student has / Not all students have read the poem.

　　全部否定：No student has read the poem. = None of the students has / have read the poem.

　　例3.

　　部分否定：Everything he said was not true. = Not everything he said was true.

　　全部否定：Nothing he said was true.

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作者：苏北 (公众号 苏北教育)